The blog is going to be working during finals!

Hi class,

I just wanted to let you know that I will be posting reviews for your finals. I am using my very old Sony computer. I had to get it back from a friend.

So... make sure you bring your book report book to school on Monday. I've decided to collect your journals on Tuesday instead of Monday, and I'm going to give you time in class to work on your journals on Monday while I am doing oral interviews. You need to have your book report journals, your worksheet, and your presentation ready for Tuesday morning.

Your oral interview is on Monday. To practice, try to speak in English this weekend. If you can, find a friend and practice asking each other questions and answering them. Use good grammar and pronunciation! To help you, watch movies and T.V. in English.

Your writing exam is Tuesday. We will talk about it in class on Monday. You need to draw and label the robot structure and explain how we use it. Here is an old blog post with the robot structure: http://hoyengradoquinto.blogspot.com/2010/09/writing-week.html. You also need to know the differences between expository, narrative, and persuasive writing.

Here are the definitions:
Expository: Non-fiction, informational writing, like an essay about lions.
Narrative: Non-fiction or fiction, but it tells a story. If you wrote about your favorite vacation, that would be narrative.
Persuasive: Non-fiction writing that is trying to make someone believe something. For example, you could write an essay about why sushi is better than pizza.

You also need to be able to write a letter.

You will write a five paragraph essay, with five sentences in each paragraph, on your final. You will have four choices about what you have to write about. You will need to use good transitions, good structure, good grammar, good spelling, and have good information. I will give you the questions on Monday so you can practice at home.

Finally, here are your spelling words. Your spelling final is Thursday. You should practice these words and know their definitions.
screamed
whispered
asked
suddenly
photosynthesis
cartography
satisfaction
ecosystem
children
asked
climate
after
yelled
author
genre
transportation
imagination
adventurous
nutritious
exercise
universe
they're
there
their
language
resource
chores
pollution
siblings
Explorer
civilization
Discovery
simile
metaphor
tradition
language
Writer
Literature
Painter
Musician
Architect
Photographer
Halloween
ghost
pumpkin
witch
vampire
costume
haunted
spooky

I will post a grammar review tomorrow and a math review on Monday.

Congratulations!

Congratulations to these students for their excellent grades on their exams!

Manuela R. for a 100% on her social studies Exam

Kent & Mateo for earning a 98% on their social studies exams

Mateo for earning a 100% on his reading comprehension exam

Nathalia for earning the highest grade on the math exam: 92%

Dani for earning a 97% on her science exam

Finals Schedule and L.A. Final Update

Hi class!

I just wanted to let you know that tomorrow, you will only take two parts of your writing final. I want more time to review, so I'm making Tuesday's exam longer. On Tuesday, you will have a final over your spelling words, punctuation, contractions, and dialogue.

I will still be grading your writing exam based on content, verbs, punctuation, structure, transitions, and vocabulary.

Here is the schedule for finals:

09/06/10: Writing, Writing dialogue, writing skills
09/07/10: Spelling and Grammar, All spelling words from Term 3 (see blog), contractions, punctuation, dialogue
09/08/10: Math in English, Decimals and Fractions
09/09/10: Reading Comprehension and Elements of Fiction, plot, characters, setting, etc., and reading comprehension
09/10/10: Science exam and Social Studies Projects Due!! Science: cells and ecosystems, Social studies project on blog

09/11/10: Spanish
09/12/10: Oral Book Report Presentations and Social studies skills Skills: using maps
09/13/10: Math in Spanish
09/14/10: Sociales

Answers to the Review

Do the review, then leave a comment on this post. When you leave a comment, you will see the answers to the review. The review is posted below this post. : )

I'll give you 1 point extra credit if you leave a comment.

Math Practice for the Final Exam

Students, my computer is dead. Please be patient with me the next two weeks, as I will have to share Warren's netbook with him. It's a very sad day. It took me a long time to post these math reviews because my computer stopped working while I was writing.

Sorry!

1. There are 167 students at LPV. Each teacher has 16 students in her class. How many teachers will have a group of 16 students? How many students will NOT be in a group of 16 students?


2. Andres needs to buy 450 forks for a party. Each package has 24 forks in it. How many packages should Andres buy?


3. Write a numerical expression to show this sentence: “Antonio bought 23 shirts for $3 each."


4. Write an ALGEBRAIC expression for this sentence: “Luis has 18 pairs of socks. He took his shoes off at school and destroyed 5 pairs of socks. Then his mom bought him more socks.”


5. Write an ALGEBRAIC expression for this sentence: “Manuela has eight times more earrings than necklaces.”


Matching.
Directions: Match each numerical expression to the correct property.

1. _________ 9 x 1 = 9 and 320 + 0 = 320

2. _________ 9 x 8 = 8 x 9

3. _________ (3 x 4) x 12 = 3 x (4 x 12)

4. _________ 1,875,457 x 0 = 0


a. zero property

b. commutative property

c. identity property

d. associative property


Directions: Solve the problem. Write an algebraic equation for each problem, and then solve the problem.


1. Juan is 3 times older than his brother, Jose. Juan is 12. How old is Jose?

2. Warren saved $20 to buy a new camera. In June, he made more money. Let “m” represent how much money he made. At the end of June, he had $128 . Write and solve an equation to find out how much money Warren made in June.


Write an equation, or “rule” for the function. Then complete the table.

X 2 4 6 8
Y 6 12 18 k

What is the rule? (Use x and y in an algebraic expression.)

What is K?

Solve:

Divide, and check with multiplication.
1. 444 ÷ 7
2. 3972 ÷ 22
3. 9950 ÷ 50
4. 424 ÷ 8
5. 861 ÷ 21

Estimate:
1. 489 ÷ 21
2. 1308 ÷ 62

Solve:

1. 7 x 2 + 1
2. 8 + 9 x 3
3. 7m-4 if m=8
4. 11 + (15 ÷ c) if c=3

Solve for the missing letter (variable):
1. x + 12 = 33
2. 4m = 56
3. 99 ÷ r = 9

Which of the numbers 10, 12, and 14 are solutions to each inequality?
1. x < 11
2. f + 3 < 15
3. a - 2 > 5
4. d + 8 < or = to 20

I will post the answers tonight.

For extra credit: Email the answer to this problem.
Melody has two types of candy. She has 26 pieces of candy. The product of each type is 153. What are the two numbers?

Math Review

Hey kids!

If you want to practice for the test and you have your math book, you can do these problems:

Page 124-125: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13

All the problems on page 123 and all the problems on page 87.

You need to know how to...
1. Estimate with 1 digit divisors. (See page 60).
2. Estimate with 2 digit divisors. (See page 72).
3. Solve with 1 digit divisors. (page 62).
4. Solve with 2 digit divisors. (page 74).
5. Interpret the remainder. (page 66)
6. Understand zeros in division (page 68).
7. Write expressions (page 92).
8. Solve numerical expressions (page 96).
9. YOU NEED TO KNOW PROPERTIES!!! (page 100)
10. You need to be able to write equations. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT! (page 106)
11. You need to be able to solve equations. (pg 108)
12. You need to understand functions and be able to right a rule (or equation) to represent the function. (page 112)
13. You need to be able to solve inequalities, specifically ones like 7-14 on page 115.
14. THERE ARE A LOT OF WORD PROBLEMS ON THE EXAM.

I am going to post a practice test in a few minutes.

Announcements for the week.

First of all, hooray for being ALMOST finished!

Our schedule for this week:
Tuesday: review for science exam, take science exam, review for math exam
Wednesday: review for math exam, take math exam, clean classroom and make up missed work
Thursday: It's a surprise.

Class, please make sure:
1. You turn in all missing work by Thursday. I will tell you if you have missing work tomorrow morning.
2. Give me your notebooks. All notebooks must be turned in on Wednesday or you will not get credit for them!
3. You finish your assigned Reading Plan on Raz-Kids. I am going to give you a final grade on Wednesday! ONE DAY LEFT!
4. Study for math.

Also, remember if you fail class this term or if you failed a class last term you will have school next week!

Study Guide Answers

Answers:
1. an object that orbits a planet
2. the Earth and the Moon are both spheres and they are made of similar materials. They are different because the Moon is smaller and has less gravity and the Earth has an atmosphere but the Moon doesn't.
4. It makes a crater.
5. the far side of the moon
6. Neil Armstrong, 1969
7. Draw the phases of the moon. (see earlier post)
8. it appears to be growing because more of the sun's light is reflecting on it.
10. it appears to be getting smaller because less light is reflected on it.
11. When it is a full moon.
12. when it is a new moon
13. Draw a solar and lunar eclipse. see posts below
14. Draw the phases of the moon. OOPS repeat question of number 7!!
15. Draw a crater. see posts below


The second section is about the solar system and the universe. It is also multiple choice and drawing pictures You should study...

1. Gas, dust, empty spaces, matter
2. born in a nebula, white dwarf, yellow star, red giant, supernova, nebula or black hole
3. the sun. It is a middle-aged star
4. the galaxy we live in. It is a spiral galaxy.
5. Spiral, Barred Spiral, Irregular, and Elliptical. (There are other types, but these are the important ones.) I'll post pictures of what they look like at the end of this answer sheet.
6. A constellation is a group of stars that, when seen from Earth, seem to form a pattern. A famous one is Ursa Major.
7. Asteroids are usually large rocks that orbit the Sun. Comets are "on fire" and have a tail that we can see, and they have HUGE orbits... so huge that one might only pass every 40 years or even 100 years.
8. between Mars and Jupiter
9. see posts from before
10. Jupiter
11. Saturn
12. Venus and Mars
13. from the sun? Uranus
14. a dwarf planet is a small rocky body that orbits the Sun, usually in the Kuiper Belt (beyond Uranus). Pluto is a dwarf planet. So is Ceres and Eris.
15. a force created by an object that pulls smaller objects towards it
16. A large object, like the Sun, pulls on other objects, like the planets, with it's gravitational force, and that keeps the planets orbiting around it
17. The space race was a competition during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (now Russia). It was a competition to see who could get the best technology the fastest and who could explore space the best. The Soviets sent up the first satellite, Sputnik, in 1957. They also sent the first dog, monkey, man, and woman into space. The USA was always a little bit slower than the Soviet Union. In 1969, the USA landed two men on the moon--Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldridge. The Space Race ended when the Soviet Union collapsed and formed Russia. Now the United States and Russia work together.
`8. The Soviet Union... it was called Sputnik.
19. The USA
20. See my previous posts.
21. Draw the electromagnetic spectrum. Label it. Previous post.
22. Light is radiation energy. We can feel it and see it, but it can't move things. It is very fast.
23. the ability to change something in the universe
24. radiation is waves of energy that travel through space
25. 8 minutes
26. opaque
27. transparent
28. a mirror
29. it bends
30. black
31. See posts below.
32. concave

Fill in the blank:

1. absorb
2. telescope
3. refraction
4. eclipse
5. satellite
6. galaxy
7. energy
8. black hole
9. dwarf
10. visible spectrum
11. planet
12. orbit
13. moon
14. gravity
15. atmosphere
16. star

This is an irregular galaxy. It doesn't have a shape, it is just a mess:

This is an elliptical galaxy. It is shaped like an egg.

This is a barred spiral galaxy. It is like a spiral, but the middle section is one long line.

This is a spiral galaxy, like the Milky Way.
Good luck! Don't forget to do the extra credit!

Science Study Guide Part 2/Extra Credit

I have posted a LOT of videos and pictures and information to help you with the science final. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE... read and study everything I have posted, and tell all your friends to do the same. It is very important everyone uses this blog because we haven't reviewed very much in class. We will review tomorrow morning, but not for very long because we need to review for math.

DO NOT FORGET: Your math final is Wednesday!! Also, there is an extra credit assignment in a different post. Please do it! It will help your grade!

Okay... on to science... this is the last review I will post.

PRACTICE TEST!

1. What is a moon?
2. Name two ways the Earth and the Moon are the same, and two ways they are different.
4. What happens when an asteroid or meteorite hits the moon?
5. What do we call the part of the moon we can't see?
6. Who was the first person to walk on the moon, and what year did that happen? (I posted a video of this earlier.)
7. Draw the phases of the moon.
8. When the moon is waxing, what is it doing?
10. When the moon is wanning, what is it doing?
11. When can we see the entire moon?
12. When can we not see the moon?
13. Draw a solar and lunar eclipse.
14. Draw the phases of the moon.
15. Draw a crater.


The second section is about the solar system and the universe. It is also multiple choice and drawing pictures You should study...

1. What is the universe made of?
2. Describe the life cycle of a star.
3. What star is closest to us, and how old is it?
4. What is the Milky Way?
5. There are four types of galaxies. Draw them and label each type.
6. What is a constellation? What are some famous constellations?
7. What is the difference between asteroids and comets?
8. Where is the asteroid belt?
9. Draw the planets in order.
10. Which planet is the biggest?
11. Which planet has rings around it?
12. Which planets are closest to Earth?
13. Which planet is the farthest away?
14. What is a dwarf planet? What is the name of a dwarf planet in our solar system?
15. What is gravity?
16. How does gravity create orbits?
17. Explain the space race. Who was competing?
`8. What country sent the first satellite into space?
19. What country landed men on the moon first?
20. Draw the structure of a star.
21. Draw the electromagnetic spectrum. Label it.
22. What is light? What is it like?
23. What is the definition of energy?
24. What is the definition of light radiation?
25. How long does it take light to reach the Earth from the sun?
26. Is a table opaque or translucent?
27. Is a window translucent or transparent?
28. What object in a bathroom would reflect light best?
29. What happens when light is refracted?
30. What color shirt absorbs the most light?
31. Draw a laser and tell me why it is different than the sun.
32. What kind of lens would you want if you wanted to make something look bigger?

Fill in the blank:

1. Darker colors ________________________________ more light than white.
2. We can use a _____________________________________ to see objects in the universe.
3. _____________________________________ is when light bends because it pases through a transparent object.
4. An ________________________________ occurs when one object in the sky blocks another object.
5. A ____________________________________ is an object that we send in to space to gather information.
6. A ______________________________ is a group of stars that are from the same nebula.
7. ____________________________ is the power something has to change things in the universe.
8. A ________________________________ can be formed when a star collapses. It is a place where there is dark matter. It has very strong gravity and absorbs the things around it.
9. Pluto used to be the ninth planet, but now it is a ______________________________ planet.
10. The _________________________________________________________________ is the various types of visible light that we can see.
11. A large solid object that travels around a star is a ___________________________.
12. The path of an object around another bigger object is an _________________________.
13. An object that rotates around a planet is a _______________________________.
14. The force that holds the solar system in place is _________________________.
15. The layer of gases around a planet or moon is called the ____________________.
16. A ________________________ produces light and is born in a nebula.

Answers posted at 7 p.m. tonight!

Concave and Convex Lenses

Okay, this is about lenses.

This is a convex lens. It is thicker in the middle, and it makes light waves come together. This makes things look smaller.


This is a concave lens. It is thinner in the middle, and it makes light waves separate. This makes things look bigger.


Don't forget to do the Extra Credit located in an earlier post! You'll need to use spoons!!!

LASERS vs. Regular Light

Above: A Laser

The difference between a laser and regular light is that a laser only shines light in one single direction, like this:


A light saber, like in Star Wars movies, is a type of laser.


Lasers are very sharp and some can cut through metal. Doctors use lasers in surgery, too.


A regular light bulb, or the sun, is very different. Light normally spreads in all directions. For example, the sun shines light all around it, so that every planet in our solar system can see the sun, and if we were in another solar system or galaxy and had a telescope, we could probably see our sun.




A regular light bulb is just like the sun. Light from a light bulb spreads in all directions.


Understand??? If you have any questions, please leave a comment.

I'll post more about light tomorrow.

Things You Should Know How To Draw.

Hey kids! What's up?

Here are some things you should know how to draw. Be sure to check out the other posts from today, especially since there's an extra credit assignment hidden in one! : )

These are moon phases:


Here's a video about them...


This is a video of a real lunar eclipse:


And this is a video of a real solar eclipse:


Here's another one...


You should be able to draw a picture like this. You only need to label the moon, the sun, and the Earth.


Of course, you need to be able to draw the solar system...


Here's a cool picture that shows the size of all the planets...


This is a comet:


An asteroid:


A crater:


And here is the structure of the sun:


I'll post more about lasers and light bulbs tonight.

Cool Stuff About Science...

Here is the video of the first person who walked on the Moon.

Neil Armstrong, 1969

Here is a video IN SPANISH (because I'm nice) with pictures from the Hubble Telescope.


Here is a video like the grammar rock videos. I don't like it... but it might help you study the planets. Just don't forget that Pluto is a DWARF planet now.


Here is something about the size of the universe that I like...


Here is a video about Pluto becoming a Dwarf Planet.


Here's the people that discovered something bigger than Pluto...


So, I'll post more later today, but I like these videos and thought you might, too.

Science Study Guide Part 1

Okay, my ninos, chicos, and muchachos...

The goals:
1. Understand properties of the moon.
2. Understand properties of the solar system and universe.
3. Understand properties of light.
AND Use vocabulary from all three chapters correctly.

The first section is about the moon. It is multiple choice and then you need to draw pictures. Here are things you should study...

1.The definition of a "moon."
2. How the Earth and Moon are different.
3. How the Earth and the Moon are the same.
4. What a crater is and how it is made.
5. What is the “far side of the moon?”
6. Space exploration of the moon.
7. When the moon rotates, what it rotates around, and how often it rotates
8. Moon phases. You should know every phase and be able to draw it.
9. You might need to draw a picture of the moon phases, craters, the moon, a solar eclipse, a lunar eclipse, or the moon rotating around the Earth.

The second section is about the solar system and the universe. It is also multiple choice and drawing pictures You should study...

1. What the universe is and what it is made of.
2. All about our sun.
3. All about stars and the life of stars.
4. What the Milky Way is.
5. What a galaxy is. Learn the different types... you might need to draw it!
6. What is a constellation?
7. What an "asteroid" is and what a comet is. You also need to know where the asteroid belt is in our solar system.
8. The names of planets and the properties of each planet.
9. You should be able to draw the planets in order in the Solar System.
10. You should know what gravity is and how it keeps everything in place in the universe.
11. You need to know about space exploration and the competition between the Americans and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
12. You should be able to draw our Solar System, the different types of galaxies, a comet, and the structure of a star.
HINT: Something I mentioned but that might not be in your notes... When a Red Giant explodes, it is called a supernova.

This is a supernova:


The crab nebula below was a supernova (a star that exploded) and then it became a nebula (where stars are created). This one is called N49, and it will be a nebula someday.

Okay, so you also need to know about light. Basically, you need to know exactly the same things for light on the final as you did for last week's quiz. It is also multiple choice and you will need to draw pictures.

1. You should know the electromagnetic spectrum and be able to draw it.



2. You should know the properties of light... like, it's fast, we can feel it and see it, it can't move things, etc.
3. You should know the definition of energy, radiation, and light.
4. You should know how long it takes light from the sun to reach Earth.
5. You should know what opaque, translucent, and transparent are.
6. You should know what materials reflect light, refract light, and absorb light.
7. You should know the difference between a laser and regular light.
8. You should be able to draw the electromagnetic spectrum, a convex and concave lens, a laser, a light bulb, and light refracting.

The last part of your exam is over vocabulary. Know these words:
orbit
refraction
dwarf
planet
color spectrum
absorb
energy
eclipse
telescope
black hole
satellite
galaxy
moon
star
atmosphere
gravity

I'll post more tomorrow to help you study!!

Science Exam

The Crab Nebula, one of my favorites.

Well, my darling students, you only have two exams left! Science and Math! ALMOST FINISHED!

Over the weekend I'll post a lot of review questions and tips for both the science and math final, but for right now, I just want to tell you what your science final is going to be like.

It has FOUR sections:
1. the Moon
2. The Solar System and the Universe
3. Properties of Light
4. Vocabulary

Sections 1-3 are mostly multiple choice, but you will also have some short answer and you will need to draw pictures. Section 4 is fill-in-the-blank.

I'm sad we are finished learning about space. It was my favorite chapter in science so far.

L.A. Final: Spelling Words Fill-in-the-Blank Answers

Fill in the blank (practice):

1. My friends like to play with their Nintendo DS's.
2. If the sun is hidden behind the moon it is called an eclipse.
3. The largest planet in the solar system is Jupiter.
4. Pluto is a dwarf planet.
5. When asteroids hit the moon they leave craters.
6. When I write a letter, I sign it "Sincerely, Melody."
7. The Department of Transportation builds roads in Colombia.
8. My friends are going to Missouri this summer; I hope I can go there someday, too.
9. It is our job to protect people from persecution.
10. If a person doesn't have parents she is an orphan.
11. A student who does his homework quickly and gets all the answers correct is efficient.
12. When I write stories I use my imagination.
13. A group of stars that makes a picture is a constellation.
14. Melody and Warren were adventurous when they went to Ecuador because they went bike riding down a volcano!
15. Fruits and vegetables are nutritious and that is why Miss Melody wants us to eat them at lunch.
16. We use the Hubble Telescope to take pictures of the universe.
17. Miss Melody likes to exercise at a gym in Circunvalar.
18. My friends like to dance, but I think they're crazy.
19. The place where the sky meets the ground is the horizon.
20. I want to learn English because it is good to speak a different
language.

For extra credit: Write a story using 5 spelling words that were not used in the fill-in-the-blank. Email it to me or post it as a comment. I will give you TEN bonus points on your language arts final!

Parts of Speech Review

Have fun watching the videos, but make sure you know which words are which! I'll put up a practice test tomorrow! : )

You will need to identify the parts of speech. Here's an example:
The beautiful girl went shopping with her mother. What part of speech is the word that is "bold"? (Answer: beautiful is an adjective)
You need to know these parts of speech: article, adjective, preposition, adverb, noun, verb, conjunction, interjection, and pronoun.

Articles: A, An, The (Yes, only those three. That's it!)

Adjectives: (words that DESCRIBE nouns) beautiful, pretty, green, ugly, smelly, stinky, crazy


Preposition: (words that show the relationship between nouns) in, out, on, under, with, at, to, for, across, inside, between


Adverb: (words that describe verbs and make things INTENSE) very, quickly, too, absolutely, definitely, happily, sadly, cruelly


noun: person, place, thing, or idea


verb: ACTION WORD!


Conjunction: and, but, or, because, however, therefore, so (combines sentences or lists)


interjection: OH! OW! OUCH! HEY! WOW! HOORAY!


pronoun: takes the place of a noun... hers, his, my, our, their, him, her, they, we, I, you, she, he, it, its


You also need to know the subject and predicate parts of the sentence...

Spelling Word Practice: Fill in the Blank

adjective, adventurous, adverb, algebraic, alien, asteroid, astronaut, automobile
comet, constellation, crater, crescent, determine, distance, division, divisor, dwarf, Earth, eclipse, efficient, evaluate, exercise, exploration, expression, freedom, galaxy, gibbous, gravity, horizon, imagination, introduce, Jupiter, language, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, numerical, nutritious, orphan, persecution, people, planet, Pluto, predicate, preposition, protection, remainder, Saturn, shuttle, sincerely, solar, spaceship, surface, transportation, their, there, they're, universe, Uranus, vacation, Venus, waning, waxing

Fill in the blank (practice):

1. My friends like to play with _____________ Nintendo DS's.
2. If the sun is hidden behind the moon it is called an ________________.
3. The largest planet in the solar system is _____________.
4. Pluto is a ____________ planet.
5. When ________________ hit the moon they leave __________________.
6. When I write a letter, I sign it "____________________, Melody."
7. The Department of _______________________ builds roads in Colombia.
8. My friends are going to Missouri this summer; I hope I can go _______________ someday, too.
9. It is our job to protect people from ___________________.
10. If a person doesn't have parents she is a _______________________.
11. A student who does his homework quickly and gets all the answers correct is ________________.
12. When I write stories I use my __________________.
13. A group of stars that makes a picture is a _____________________________.
14. Melody and Warren were _______________________ when they went to Ecuador because they went bike riding down a volcano!
15. Fruits and vegetables are ________________________ and that is why Miss Melody wants us to eat them at lunch.
16. We use the Hubble Telescope to take pictures of the ____________________.
17. Miss Melody likes to ___________________ at a gym in Circunvalar.
18. My friends like to dance, but I think _______________________ crazy.
19. The place where the sky meets the ground is the ____________________.
20. I want to learn English because it is good to speak a different
_________________.

(answers posted tomorrow)

Spelling Words

SPELLING WORDS!!

You need to spell these CORRECTLY (duh) and know their definitions. I'll have a Fill-in-the-blank section using these words! Also, I'm only going to have 30 spelling words on the final, but you need to study all of these! : )

adjective, adventurous, adverb, algebraic, alien, asteroid, astronaut, automobile

comet, constellation, crater, crescent

determine, distance, division, divisor, dwarf

Earth, eclipse, efficient, evaluate, exercise, exploration, expression

freedom

galaxy, gibbous, gravity

horizon

imagination, introduce

Jupiter

language

Mars
Mercury

Neptune, numerical, nutritious

orphan

persecution, people, planet, Pluto, predicate, preposition, protection

remainder

Saturn, shuttle, sincerely, solar, spaceship, surface

transportation, their, there, they're

universe, Uranus

vacation, Venus

waning, waxing

p.s. I hope you are ALL asleep right now!

Social Studies Final Study Guide

The Study Guide for the Economic Systems is posted below this post. Here is your study guide for the rest of the final. The economic systems part of your exam is matching and short answer.


Be able to label the oceans and continents on this map.

Know the properties of a country... This part of your exam is multiple choice.

A country needs land. Then it needs leaders to run it. It needs to have a type of government (like Colombia is a republic and a democracy). It needs to have an economic system (Colombia is capitalist). It needs a capital city where the government leaders meet. It needs money, so it has to have a currency. It needs a constitution which is a document that explains how the country will work. It needs people and most of the people need to speak the same language so everyone can communicate. Then, it needs a flag, which is a symbol of the country.

There is one type of "government" which is NOT a government... it is called an ANARCHY. It means there is no government. A country can't have anarchy because there is no government.

You need to know about taxes and budgets...
This part of your exam is true/false and short answer.
1. Taxes are essential for a democracy because that is the money a country uses to pay for social and public programs.
2. Taxes are the money we pay to the government so the government can do things for us.
3. The government needs tax money because otherwise it will not have any money (in a democracy).
4. We pay three main types of taxes: INCOME taxes, PROPERTY taxes, and SALES tax. Income taxes are taxes we pay on money we make when we work. Property taxes are taxes we pay if we own land or a house or an apartment. Sales taxes are what we pay when we buy things.
5. Governments make a "budget", which is a plan for how they will spend the tax money. Even though they need a LOT of money to do everything they want, there is never enough money. They have to pick what to do, and so they need to make a budget. (We practiced "cutting" the budget in class.) Budgets are based on how much money the government gets in taxes. Every government department has a budget.
*You need to know what government department you were in for our budget activity. For example, you might have been in charge of the military or you might have been in the Department of Education.

YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS!
This part of your exam is short answer and multiple choice.
1. You should know the definition of human rights. Look at this website if you do not know.
2. You should know about Human Rights in Colombia. The Colombian Constitution guarantees human rights. Know as many as you can remember! (You need to know them in English, but if you didn't write them in your notebook, you can read them in Spanish here: Derechos constitucionales.)
3. You need to know what the United Nations' International Declaration of Human Rights is. Find out at this website: http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/introduction/udhr_abridged.html .

Here is the video we watched in class about human rights and the International Declaration of Human Rights: http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/introduction/index.html.

Here is the other video we watched:


4. You also need to know who protects human rights. (The Red Cross (Cruz Roja), the government, the people of a country, the police, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Profamilia, UNICEF, and the United Nations are all supposed to protect human rights.)

Finally, you have an essay question. This is the question: How do countries, constitutions, governments, and taxes help protect human rights? You need to write at least 2 paragraphs explaining your answer.


Good luck! I'll post a review for Friday's L.A. final later tonight.